Hygiena 2020, 65(4):158-166 | DOI: 10.21101/hygiena.a1771

The reality of and myths of the tobacco industry, their principle and spread

Kamila Zvolská1, Eva Králíková1,2
1 Univerzita Karlova, 1. lékařská fakulta, III. interní klinika - klinika endokrinologie a metabolismu, Centrum pro závislé na tabáku a Všeobecná fakultní nemocnice v Praze, Praha, Česká republika
2 Univerzita Karlova, 1. lékařská fakulta, Ústav hygieny a epidemiologie a Všeobecná fakultní nemocnice v Praze, Praha, Česká republika

By the spreading of myths, the tobacco industry (TI) has long sought to weaken or delay the adoption of effective tobacco control measures that reduce tobacco consumption. Through the medium of myths, TI uses its economic power, lobbying, marketing or media manipulation to discredit scientific research and to distribute its products. TI globally interferes with tobacco control and seeks the role of a socially responsible partner with governments in this area. The revised EU Tobacco Products Directive (TDP) 2014/40/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, which sets minimum rules for tobacco products in EU member states, has been identified as the most lobbied dossier in the history of the EU. TI was particularly concerned about the proposal to introduce plain packaging and a ban on displays at points of sale. These two measures were not finally included into the revised TDP and according to the Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Czech Republic, that are responsible for the relevant decrees, the CR also does not plan to adopt them. Could the influence of TI be behind this? Monitoring the activities of TI is important. Civil society can also draw attention to them.

Keywords: tobacco control, legislation, tobacco industry, prevention of smoking

Received: October 2020; Accepted: November 30, 2020; Published: December 17, 2020  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Zvolská K, Králíková E. The reality of and myths of the tobacco industry, their principle and spread. Hygiena. 2020;65(4):158-166. doi: 10.21101/hygiena.a1771.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Guidelines for implementation of article 5.3 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control: on the protection of public health policies with respect to tobacco control from commercial and other vested interests of the tobacco industry [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008 [cited 2020 May 12]. Available from: https://www.who.int/fctc/guidelines/article_5_3.pdf?ua=1.
    2. World Health Organization. Tobacco industry interference with tobacco control [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2008 [cited 2020 May 12]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/83128/9789241597340_eng.pdf?sequence=1.
    3. TobaccoTactics [Internet]. Bath: University of Bath; 2020 [cited 2020 April 20]. Available from: www.tobaccotactics.org.
    4. TobaccoTactics [Internet]. Bath: University of Bath; 2020 [cited 2020 April 20]. EU Tobacco products directive revision. Available from: https://tobaccotactics.org/wiki/eu-tobacco-products-directive-revision/.
    5. Peeters S, Costa H, Stuckler D, McKee M, Gilmore AB. The revision of the 2014 European tobacco products directive: an analysis of the tobacco industry's attempts to 'break the health silo'. Tob Control. 2016 Jan;25(1):108-17. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    6. TobaccoTactics [Internet]. Bath: University of Bath; 2020 [cited 2020 April 20]. Third party techniques. Available from: https://tobaccotactics.org/wiki/third-party-techniques/.
    7. Jednotné obaly cigaret podporují nárůst padělků. Lidové noviny [online]. 2015 Nov 18 [cit. 2020-05-12]. Dostupné z: https://www.lidovenoviny.cz/archiv.aspx?d=18.+11.+2015.
    8. TobaccoTactics [Internet]. Bath: University of Bath; 2020 [cited 2020 April 20]. KPMG. Available from: https://tobaccotactics.org/wiki/kpmg/.
    9. Liberální institut [online]. Praha: Liberální institut; 22.3.2018 [cit. 2020-05-12]. 5 let neúspěchů: Dopis mezinárodní koalice proti jednotnému balení cigaret. Dostupné z: https://libinst.cz/5-let-neuspechu-dopis-mezinarodni-koalice-proti-jednotnemu-baleni-cigaret/.
    10. TobaccoTactics [Internet]. Bath: University of Bath; 2016 [cited 2019 Jan 12]. Industry arguments against plain packaging. Available from: http://www.tobaccotactics.org/index.php/Industry_Arguments_Against_Plain_Packaging.
    11. World Health Organization. WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2003, updated reprint 2004, 2005 [cited 2020 May 12]. Available from: https://www.who.int/fctc/text_download/en/.
    12. Tobacco-free Finland 2030 [Internet]. Helsinki: ASH Finland; 2020 [cited 2020 May 12]. Available from: https://savutonsuomi.fi/en/towards-tobacco-free-finland/timeline/.
    13. The Scottish Government. Creating a tobacco-free generation. A tobacco control strategy for Scotland [Internet]. Edinburgh: Scottish Government; 2013 [cited 2020 May 12]. Available from: https://www2.gov.scot/resource/0041/00417331.pdf.
    14. Joossens L, Feliu A, Fernandez E. The tobacco control scale 2019 in Europe [Internet]. Brussels: Association of European Cancer Leagues, Catalan Institute of Oncology; 2020 [cited 2020 May 12]. Available from: https://www.europeancancerleagues.org/wp-content/uploads/2019-Tobacco-Control-Scale-Report-digital.pdf.
    15. Action on Smoking and Health [Internet]. London: ASH; 2012 [cited 2020 May 12]. Rise in tobacco tax - good for health, good for the economy. Available from: https://ash.org.uk/media-and-news/press-releases-media-and-news/rise-in-tobacco-tax-good-for-health-good-for-the-economy/.
    16. Chaloupka FJ, Yurekli A, Fong GT. Tobacco taxes as a tobacco control strategy. Tob Control. 2012 Mar;21(2):172-80. Erratum in: Tob Control. 2012 May;21(3):329. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    17. Gilmore AB, Gallagher AWA, Rowell A. Tobacco industry's elaborate attempts to control a global track and trace system and fundamentally undermine the Illicit Trade Protocol. Tob Control. 2019 Mar;28(2):127-40. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    18. TobaccoTactics [Internet]. Bath: University of Bath; 2020 [cited 2020 April 20]. Tobacco industry arguments against taxation. Available from: https://tobaccotactics.org/wiki/tobacco-industry-arguments-against-taxation/.
    19. Australian Government, Department of Health [Internet]. Canberra: Australian Government; 2020 [cited 2020 May 12]. Smoking and tobacco laws in Australia. Available from: https://www.health.gov.au/health-topics/smoking-and-tobacco/about-smoking-and-tobacco/smoking-and-tobacco-laws-in-australia.
    20. Chaloupka FJ. Curbing the epidemic: governments and the economics of tobacco control. The World Bank. Tob Control. 1999 Summer;8(2):196-201. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    21. Chaloupka FJ, Straif K, Leon ME; Working Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer. Effectiveness of tax and price policies in tobacco control. Tob Control. 2011 May;20(3):235-8. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    22. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). State cigarette excise taxes - United States, 2010-2011. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012 Mar 30;61(12):201-4.
    23. Chaloupka FJ, Yurekli A, Fong GT. Tobacco taxes as a tobacco control strategy. Tob Control. 2012 Mar;21(2):172-80. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050417. Erratum in: Tob Control. 2012 May;21(3):329. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    24. TobaccoTactics [Internet]. Bath: University of Bath; 2020 [cited 2020 April 20]. Tobacco smuggling. Available from: https://tobaccotactics.org/wiki/tobacco-smuggling/.
    25. Guidelines for implementation of Article 13 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (Tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship). In: Third session the Conference of the Parties (COP3) to the WHO FCTC; 2008 Nov 17- 22; Durban, South Africa [Internet]. Geneva: WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control; 2008 [cited 2019 Jan 12]. Paragraph 15-17. Available from: http://www.who.int/fctc/guidelines/article_13.pdf?ua=1.
    26. Tremayne C. The secret of the safer cigarette. Documentary, Season 24 Episode 37, aired 4 July 1988. World in action [TV Series]. Manchester: Granada Television; 1988.
    27. The American Cancer Society, The Framework Convention Alliance, and The Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids. How do you sell death… [Internet]. Washington, D.C.: Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids; 2008 [cited 2020 May 12]. Available from: https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/assets/global/pdfs/en/HDYSD_en.pdf.
    28. Mezirezortní pracovní skupina k problematice komplexní ochrany před škodami působenými tabákem. Výsledné závěrečné hodnocení akčního plánu v oblasti kontroly tabáku v ČR 2015-2018 [online]. Praha: Ministerstvo zdravotnictví ČR; 2019 [cit. 2020-06-15]. Příloha - souhrnné závěrečné hodnocení implementace Akčního plánu pro oblast kontroly tabáku v ČR na období 2015 až 2018 - informace k plnění jednotlivých aktivit (stav plnění k 12/2018). Dostupné z: https://ppo.mzcr.cz/upload/files/mps-kota-2019-vysledne-zaverecne-hodnoceni-akcniho-planu-v-oblasti-kontroly-tabaku-v-cr-2015-2018-priloha-k-zaverecnemu-hodnoceni-akcniho-planu-v-oblasti-kontroly-tabaku-2015-2018-5f16dfb99c438.pdf.
    29. British American Tobacco. Marketing our products responsibly. Our international marketing principles [Internet]. London: BAT; 2020 [cited 2020 May 12]. Available from: https://www.bat.com/imp.
    30. World Health Organization. News release [Internet]. Hanoi: WHO Viet Nam; 2008 May 30 [cited 2020 May 12]. World No Tobacco Day - break the tobacco marketing net, WHO tells the youth. Available from: https://www.who.int/vietnam/news/detail/30-05-2008-world-no-tobacco-day---break-the-tobacco-marketing-net-who-tells-the-youth.
    31. Anderson R. Effect of tobacco advertising on tobacco consumption: a discussion document reviewing the evidence. London: Economic and Operational Research Division, Department of Health; 1993.
    32. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Smoking & Tobacco Use [Internet]. Atlanta: CDC; 2020 [cited 2020 May 12]. Tobacco industry marketing. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/tobacco_industry/marketing/index.htm.
    33. TobaccoTactics [Internet]. Bath: University of Bath; 2020 [cited 2020 April 20]. Advertising strategy. Available from: https://tobaccotactics.org/wiki/advertising-strategy/.
    34. Spanopoulos D, Britton J, McNeill A, Ratschen E, Szatkowski L. Tobacco display and brand communication at the point of sale: implications for adolescent smoking behaviour. Tob Control. 2014 Jan;23(1):64-9. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    35. Action on Smoking and Health. UK tobacco advertising and promotion [Internet]. London: ASH; 2019 [cited 2020 May 12]. Available from: http://ash.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Tobacco-Advertising-and-Promotion-download.pdf.
    36. Grant-Braham B, Britton J. Motor racing, tobacco company sponsorship, barcodes and alibi marketing. Tob Control. 2012 Nov;21(6):529-35. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    37. WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control [Internet]. Geneva: WHO FCTC; 13 March 2019 [cited 2020 May 12]. Secretariat of the WHO FCTC urges Parties to ban all forms of tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship in all motor sports. Available from: https://www.who.int/fctc/mediacentre/press-release/secretariat-urges-to-ban-tobacco-advertising-in-motor-sports/en/.
    38. Gilmore AB, Fooks G, Drope J, Bialous SA, Jackson RR. Exposing and addressing tobacco industry conduct in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet. 2015 Mar 14;385(9972):1029-43. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    39. TobaccoTactics [Internet]. Bath: University of Bath; 2020 [cited 2020 April 20]. Corporate political advertising on plain packaging. Available from: https://tobaccotactics.org/wiki/corporate-political-advertising-on-plain-packaging/.
    40. Hammond D. "Plain packaging" regulations for tobacco products: the impact of standardizing the color and design of cigarette packs. Salud Publica Mex. 2010;52 Suppl 2:S226-32. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    41. Borland R, Savvas S, Sharkie F, Moore K. The impact of structural packaging design on young adult smokers' perceptions of tobacco products. Tob Control. 2013 Mar;22(2):97-102. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    42. Zvolská K, Králíková E. Jednotné balení cigaret - mýty a fakta. Hygiena, 2019;64(2):60-6. Go to original source...
    43. Společnost pro léčbu závislosti na tabáku [online]. Praha: SLZT; 2020 [cit. 2020-05-12]. Jednotné balení tabákových výrobků v ČR. Dostupné z: https://www.slzt.cz/novinky/jednotne-baleni-tabakovych-vyrobku-v-cr-387.
    44. Tobacco Manufacturers' Association. Increase from 16 to 18 as the age of sale for tobacco products in Northern Ireland [Internet]. Petworth: TMA; 2008 [cited 2020 May 12]. Available from: http://the-tma.org.uk/2008/09/01/increase-from-16-to-18-as-the-age-of-sale-for-tobacco-products-in-northern-ireland/.
    45. Monshouwer K, Verdurmen J, Ketelaars T, van Laar MW. Points of sale of tobacco products: Synthesis of scientific and practice based knowledge on the impact of reducing the number of points of sale and restrictions on tobacco product displays. [Internet]. Utrecht: Trimbos Institute; 2014 [cited 2020 May 12]. Available from: https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/304623.
    46. Evidence brief. Tobacco point-of-sale display bans [Internet]. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2017 [cited 2020 May 12]. Available from: https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/339233/who-evidence-brief-pos-ban-eng.pdf?ua=1.
    47. Aktualně.cz [online]. Praha: Economia; 19.6.2006 [cit. 2020-05-12]. Horňák O. Cigarety, holčičko? Doutníček, kloučku? Dostupné z: https://zpravy.aktualne.cz/cigarety-holcicko-doutnicek-kloucku/r~i:article:199378/.

    Return to the content