Hygiena 2016, 61(3):108-113 | DOI: 10.21101/hygiena.a1477

Impact of Social and Family Factors on Body Mass Index and Body Fat Percentage in a Group of Schoolchildren

Kvetoslava Rimárová1, Katarina Frank2, Jana Diabelková1
1 Univerzita Pavla Josefa Šafárika, Lekárska fakulta, Ústav verejného zdravotníctva a hygieny, Košice, Slovenská republika
2 Columbus State Community College, Columbus, Ohio, USA

Physical growth and development in children are markers of genetic predisposition, nutritional status, physical activity, presence of chronic diseases, environmental factors and also markers of socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the environment. The focus of our research paper was confirmation of the relationship of anthropometric parameters (BMI and percentage of body fat) and socio-economic, anamnestic and family history factors and other indicators of health status amongst schoolchildren. The goal was to determine the influence of individual, social and family medical history on body fat percentage and BMI. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of school children (370 boys and 370 girls) aged 6.00 to 14.99 years in eastern Slovakia (Trebišov, Michalovce, Humenné and Vranov). Data collection took place in 2010-2012. BMI calculation was based as a pattern of the ratio of two basic anthropometric parameters - body weight and height. Body fat percentage was measured as the sum of four skin folds. The study outputs confirmed that children's BMI is highly influenced by maternal BMI and obesity, family history of obesity (p<0.001). The father's BMI (p<0.01) had a lower impact. Statistically higher BMI (p<0.05) were detected amongst first-born children, children with a history of hypertension and children in families with a higher income per capita. Similar results were confirmed for the percentage of body fat and the factors influencing it. Analysis confirmed the impact of the same factors on the percentage of children's body fat, but additionally significant were also sports and physical activities, single parent status, university education of the mother and normal neonatal length.

Keywords: Body Mass Index (BMI), children, body composition, socio-economic status

Received: March 2016; Accepted: May 2, 2016; Published: September 1, 2016  Show citation

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Rimárová K, Frank K, Diabelková J. Impact of Social and Family Factors on Body Mass Index and Body Fat Percentage in a Group of Schoolchildren. Hygiena. 2016;61(3):108-113. doi: 10.21101/hygiena.a1477.
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