Hygiena 2013, 58(3):111-116 | DOI: 10.21101/hygiena.a0973

Effects of Smoking on the Illness Rate of Children up to the Age of Three (Pilot Study)

Ildikó Nagy1, Martin Sebera2
1 Lékařská fakulta MU, Ústav preventivního lékařství, Brno
2 Masarykova univerzita, Fakulta sportovních studií, Brno

The retrospective data collection whose aim was to prove the effects of smoking associated with the increase of overall illness rate, respiratory infections and the inflammation of the middle ear in children up to the age of 3 living with smoking mothers and in smoking households was carried out in Brno, Czech Republic (CR) and in Southern Slovakia (SR). The study involved 120 mothers of 3 year old children (60 from the CR and 60 from the SR) and the participating practicing pediatricians. The lowest overall illness rate and the lowest number of respiratory diseases was found in the no-smoking families within the monitored group. The highest overall illness rate and the highest number of diseases was encountered in the families of smoking mothers with nobody else smoking in the family. The study is in accordance with foreign and Czech studies that describe an increase in the illness rate and respiratory diseases related to exposure to tobacco smoke in children up to 3 years of age.

Keywords: passive smoking, morbidity, children, respiratory disease

Received: December 2012; Accepted: April 23, 2013; Published: September 1, 2013  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Nagy I, Sebera M. Effects of Smoking on the Illness Rate of Children up to the Age of Three (Pilot Study). Hygiena. 2013;58(3):111-116. doi: 10.21101/hygiena.a0973.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Li JS, Peat JK, Xuan W, Berry G. Meta-analysis on the association between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and the prevalence of lower respiratory tract infection in early childhood. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1999 Jan;27(1):5-13. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    2. Sleiman M, Gundel LA, Pankow JF, Jacob P 3rd, Singer BC, Destaillats H. Formation of carcinogens indoors by surfacemediated reactions of nicotine with nitrous acid, leading to potential thirdhand smoke hazards. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Apr 13;107(15):6576-81. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    3. Winickoff JP, Friebely J, Tanski SE, Sherrod C, Matt GE, Hovell MF, et al. Beliefs about the health effect of "thirdhand" smoke and home smoking bans. Pediatrics. 2009 Jan;123(1):e74-9. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    4. Petrick LM, Svidovsky A, Dubowski Y. Thirdhand smoke: heterogenous oxidation of nicotine and secondary aerosol formation in the indoor environment. Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Jan 1;45(1):328-33. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    5. Ueta I, Saito Y, Teraoka K, Miura T, Jinno K. Determination of volatile organic compounds for a systematic evaluation of third-hand smoking. Anal Sci. 2010;26(5):569-74. Go to original source...
    6. Matt GE, Quintana PJ, Zakarian JM, Fortmann AL, Chatfield DA, Hoh E, et al. When smokers move out and non-smokers move in: residential thirdhand smoke pollution and exposure. Tob Control. 2011 Jan;20(1):e1. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    7. Samet JM, Yoon SY, editors. Women and the tobacco epidemic: challenges for the 21st century. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2001.
    8. Oberg M, Jaakkola MS, Woodward A, Peruga A, PrüssUstün A. Worlwide burden of disease from exposure to second-hand smoke: a retrospective analysis of data from 192 countries. Lancet. 2011 Jan 8;377(9760):139-46. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    9. Bartal M. Health effects of tobacco use and exposure. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 2001 Dec;56(6):545-54. Go to PubMed...
    10. Bagaitkar J, Demuth DR, Scott DA. Tobacco use increases susceptibility to bacterial infection. Tob Induc Dis. 2008 Dec 18;4:12. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    11. Robbins CS, Franco F, Mouded M, Cernadas M, Shapiro SD. Cigarette smoke exposure impairs dendritic cell maturation and T cell proliferation in thoracic lymph nodes of mice. J Immunol. 2008 May 15;180(10):6623-8. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    12. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke: a report of the surgeon general. Atlanta (GA): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Coordinating Center for Health Promotion, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2006.
    13. Strachan DP, Cook DG. Health effects of passive smoking. 1. Parental smoking and lower respiratory illness in infancy and early childhood. Thorax. 1997 Oct;52(10):905-14. Go to PubMed...
    14. BMA Board of Science and Education & Tobacco Control Resource Centre. Towards smoke-free public places. London: BMJ Books; 2002.
    15. Gergen PJ, Fowler JA, Maurer KR, Davis WW, Overpeck MD. The burden of environmental tobacco smoke exposure on the respiratory health of children 2 months through 5 years of age in the United States: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988 to 1994. Pediatrics. 1998 Feb;101(2):E8. Go to original source...
    16. Daly KA, Selvius RE, Lindgren B. Knowledge and attitudes about otitis media risk: implications for prevention. Pediatrics. 1997 Dec;100(6):931-6. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    17. Fenske RA. Differences in exposure potential for adults and children following residential insecticide applications. In: Guzelian PS, Henry CJ, Olin SS, editors. Similarities and differences between children and adults: implications for risk assessment. Washington, D.C.: ILSI Press; 1992. p. 214-25.
    18. Plunkett LM, Turnbull D, Rodricks JV. Differences between adults and children affecting exposure assessment. In: Guzelian PS, Henry CJ, Olin SS, editors. Similarities and differences between children and adults: implications for risk assessment. Washington, D.C.: ILSI Press; 1992. p. 79-94.
    19. Snodgrass WR. Physiological and biochemical differences between children and adults as determinants of toxic response to environmental pollutants. In: Guzelian PS, Henry CJ, Olin SS, editors. Similarities and differences between children and adults: implications for risk assessment. Washington, D.C.: ILSI Press; 1992. p. 35-42.
    20. Matt GE, Quintana PJ, Hovell MF, Bernert JT, Song S, Novianti N, et al. Households contaminated by environmental tobacco smoke: sources of infant exposures. Tob Control. 2004 Mar;13(1):29-37. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    21. Kukla L, Hrubá D, Tyrlík M. Vliv expozice pasivnímu kouření po narození na zdravotní stav dětí v kojeneckém a batolecím věku. Výsledky studie ELSPAC. Českoslov Pediatr. 2005;60(2):62-9.
    22. Britton J. Passive smoking damages children's health. Practitioner. 2010 May;254(1729):27-30, 3.
    23. Owen MJ, Baldwin CD, Swank PR, Pannu AK, Johnson DL, Howie VM. Relation of infant feeding practices, cigarette smoke exposure, and group child care to the onset and duration of otitis media with effusion in the first two years of life. J Pediatr. 1993 Nov;123(5):702-11. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    24. Strachan DP, Cook DG. Health effects of passive smoking. 4. Parental smoking, middle ear disease, and adenotonsillectomy in children. Thorax. 1998 Jan;53(1):50-6. Go to PubMed...
    25. Ilicali OC, Keleş N, De er K, Sa un OF, Güldíken Y. Evaluation of the effect of passive smoking on otitis media in children by an objective method: urinary cotinine analysis. Laryngoscope. 2001 Jan;111(1):163-7. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    26. Chalmers D, Stewart I, Silva P, Mulvena A. Otitis media with effusion in children - the Dunedin Study. London: Mac Keith Press; 1989.
    27. Lyons RA. Passive smoking and hearing loss in infants. Ir Med J. 1992 Sep;85(3):111-2. Go to PubMed...
    28. Stick SM, Burton PR, Gurrin L, Sly PD, LeSouëf PN. Effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy and a family history of asthma on respiratory function in newborn infants. Lancet. 1996 Oct 19;348(9034):1060-4. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    29. Stathis SL, O'Callaghan DM, Williams GM, Najman JM, Andersen MJ, Bor W. Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy is an independent predictor for symptoms of middle ear diseases at five years' postdelivery. Pediatrics. 1999 Aug;104(2):e16. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    30. Hĺberg SE, Bentdal YE, London SJ, Kvaerner KJ, Nystad W, Nafstad P. Prenatal and postnatal parental smoking and acute otitis media in early childhood. Acta Paediatr. 2010 Jan;99(1):99-105. Go to original source...
    31. Engel J, Anteunis L, Volovics A, Hendriks J, Marres E. Risk factors of otitis media with effusion during infancy. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1999 May 25;48(3):239-49. Go to original source...
    32. Delpisheh A, Kelly Y, Brabin BJ. Passive cigarette smoke exposure in primary school children in Liverpool. Public Health. 2006 Jan;120(1):65-9. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    33. Gultekin E, Develioğlu ON, Yener M, Ozdemir I, Külekçi M. Prevalence and risk factors for persistent otitis media with effusion in primary school children in Istambul, Turkey. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2010 Apr;37(2):145-9. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    34. Kukla L, Hrubá D, Tyrlík M. Vliv kouření matek na výživu dětí v prvních šesti týdnech po narození. Výsledky studie ELSPAC. Českoslov Pediatr. 2004;59(1):31-7.
    35. Jarvie JA, Malone RE. Children's secondhand smoke exposure in private homes and cars: an ethical analysis. Am J Public Health. 2008 Dec;98(12):2140-5. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    36. Ritchie D, Amos A, Phillips R, Cunningham-Burley S, Martin C. Action to achieve smoke-free homes: an exploration of experts' views. BMC Public Health. 2009 Apr 22;9:112. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...

    Return to the content